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The Order of World Scouts (OWS), founded in 1911, is the oldest international Scouting organisation. It is headquartered in England, with the administration headquarters in Italy. As of November 2008, the Order of World Scouts includes member associations in 14 countries-the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Peru, Jamaica, as well as two associations each for Poland, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile and three associations in Mexico, and Ukraine. ==History== The Order of World Scouts was formed by Sir Francis Vane upon the British Boy Scouts which had spread across the British Empire and the National Peace Scouts. The British Boy Scouts were formed in 1908 as the Battersea Boy Scouts. The Battersea Boy Scouts briefly registered with The Baden-Powell Boy Scouts in September 1908 but withdrew out of a concern that Baden-Powell's organisation was too bureaucratic and militaristic. The Battersea Boy Scouts (BBS) were reconstituted as the British Boy Scouts (BBS) and launched as a national organisation in March 1909. Sir Francis Vane had been the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts London Commissioner. He felt that Scouting should be non-military and pushed for the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts to be a more democratic organization. Through mediation, Vane reconciled the British Boy Scouts with the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts by having the British Boy Scouts as an affiliated organisation. However, Baden-Powell appointed members of the National Service League, a pro-military group to his Boy Scouts Headquarters and Vane's position was eliminated. In a protest meeting, the London area Scoutmasters voted overwhelmingly in support of Sir Francis. Baden-Powell promised On December 3, 1909, Sir Francis Vane accepted the presidency of the British Boy Scouts taking most London area Troops with him. The Quakers' Birmingham and Midland Troops also followed. Vane was instrumental in gaining Quakers to sponsor Scout Troops.〔 Support was given by George and Barrow Cadbury.〔MS Complete History of the Order of World Scouts, BBS Archives, Version 2008, Tarrant Hinton Dorset〕 This led to an association of pacifist organisations as the National Peace Scouts. The Order of World Scouts was an international extension of these efforts. With Vane having an Italian summer home, he and his co-founder Remo Molinari were able to launch the Scouting Movement in Italy with the Italian Boy Scouts (Ragazzi Esploratori Italiani) in 1910.〔〔(Working Class Movement Library: Sir Francis Patrick Fletcher Vane, Bt. )〕 In 1911, in France, Vane assisted Augustin Dufresne, a ship owner, to organise a French Scouting organisation. With the spread of the British Boy Scouts program throughout the world via the CHUMS (paper) 〔(The Order of World Scouts history )〕 and Vane's efforts, Vane informally aligned the various national scout organisations as the World Scouts, described as the "Legion of World Scouts", the first international organization, in 1911.〔BBS Letterhead early 1911, held in the BBS Archives, Tarrant Hinton Dorset〕 Vane then launched The Order of World Scouts on 11 November 1911. This day was influenced by the French, as it was the day that Baldwin was crowned King of Jerusalem, on 11 November 1100 (St Martin's Day).〔 Vane became the Grand Scoutmaster of the Order of World Scouts.〔 Representation covered 15 Countries (counting Ireland as being separate) being; the UK, Ireland, Italy, the United States (American Boy Scout),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Story )〕 Canada, France, Belgium, India, South America, China, South Africa, Canada, Egypt, Australia and New Zealand. Vane put his wealth behind the World Scouts, BBS and other national scout organisations: providing a London headquarters and financing the organisations, even the manufacture of scout uniforms not only for the BBS, but also for the Italian Scouts.〔Furia, Mauro, Storia Del Ragazzi Esploratori Italiani, Centro Studi Scout, Langhirano, Italia, 1990.〕 This over burdened his finances to the point of having to declare bankruptcy. Thus the Order of World Scouts and BBS lost their headquarters, source of equipment and uniforms and their leader, Sir Francis Vane.〔〔 The World Scouts was left with member Troops in England (remaining to the present) and in Australia. The Australian BBS, proved more resilient than was initially thought. The 4th Alexandria (Australia) British Boy Scouts existed in the 1950s, and possibly beyond that date,〔see http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/b/3/5/doc/b35047.shtml〕 Individual members in Australia corresponded with the British Chief Commissioner up until the late 1960s.〔Verbal information given to Dr Michael Foster and archived in the BBS Archives Tarrant Hinton Dorset by Ted Scott a Scoutmaster in Balham, who later became the Grand Scoutmaster (1993-2000)〕 Robert Campbell, an Australian Scout researcher, traced the BBS in Australia and credits the continuation of membership in Australia to the 1990s, when the Scouts of Australia became the successors to the BBS, which "Ceased activity in Australia c1950s but retains members".〔see http://www.netpages.free-online.co.uk/scoutaus/History-TimeLine2.html〕 In the mid 1980s expansion began again with members joining in Hawaii (USA).〔As reported in the Journal "The British Scout" ISSN 0266-2264 September 1985, back page〕 In the early 1990s, contact was made by a Scouting organisation in Australia, followed by Scouting organisations in other countries. After contact in 1991 with the Independent Scouts of Australia Incorporated,〔The Australian organisation was known as "Independent Scouts of Australia Incorporated" 1986-1992, then "Scouts of Australia" 1992-2001, and finally reverting to the previous name for legal reasons, minus the addition of "Incorporated" in 2001〕 the Order was more formally organised with the appointments of a BBS Commissioner for Australia in 1991 and a Chief Commissioner of BBS & BGS in Canada in 1999.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of World Scouts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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